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Chinese8/17/2005English
經文:約書亞記十九至二十章
鑰節:「這就是……在示羅會幕門口,耶和華面前,拈鬮所分的地業。這樣,他們把地分完了。」(19:51)
提要

        以利亞撒和約書亞繼續他們神聖的任務,為以色列人分地,將以色國的發展帶入另一個新的階段。那一定是個非常莊嚴、神聖的典禮,因為上帝在他們中間全權支配分地事宜。各支派的族長都在會幕門前集合,聽取從上帝而來的結果。

        除了最小的西緬支派只從猶大地南部得到十七座城以外(因為猶大人的分過多,19:9),其餘支派所得的地業都在已經分給猶大和約瑟家的土地之外。小小的西緬很快就被猶大併吞,或許正應驗了雅各的預言:西緬要分散在以色列中(創49:7)。

        大部分的支派位於瑪拿西以北,環加利利海一帶。西布倫得到河西的下加利利區。以薩迦的產業在加利利海西南方,包括美麗且肥沃的耶斯列平原。拿弗他利所得之地在加利利海的最北邊,亞設支派在其西側。亞設的產業從迦密山向北沿著地中海岸直到西頓。

        最後抽到的是但支派。這支派也得著海岸地,在便雅憫支派以西,猶大和瑪拿西支派中間。不過大部分的土地仍為亞瑪力人所佔領,但支派沒能將亞瑪力人趕出去(很明顯的是對上帝缺少信心,因為上帝己經把那地賜給他們了),自己反而被趕到山地,沒有足夠的土地供養他們龐大的人口(士1:34)。這迫使但族大規模的移往約旦河谷北邊一些無人居住的地區,在那裡他們從西頓人的部落征服了拉億城(士18:1、27~29)。

        約書亞真是一位好領袖。他沒有利用自己的高位謀取私利,而以所有百姓得著地業、心滿意足為第一要務。各支派的長老接著便要約書亞為自己選一塊地,他們樂意照他所願的分地給他。上帝也願意他們如此做,因為上帝的忠僕配得報酬。以色列人藉此向約書亞的辛勞和貢獻致敬(19:49~50)。

        約書亞要求得到他自己宗族以法蓮山地的亭拿西拉城。這塊地原是他要他族人去取,以擴充境界的,但他的族人卻抱怨那裡樹林遍佈,又在敵人手中(17:14~18)。約書亞再次證明自己是個好領袖,因為他不會要求他的百姓去做連他自己也不打算做的事。

        在二十章裡,我們看到上帝還有另一項責任要約書亞去執行,就是完成摩西的吩咐,在約旦河西設立(20:2,希伯來文的字意是「分別為聖」)三座逃城,為無心誤殺人的人提供一個公平的避難所。所有的逃城都選自利未人之城,並且它們的地理位置都非常重要:北部的基低斯、中部的示劍、和南部的希伯崙。如此一來,國中各地區的人都可以很容易的進入逃城。上帝關心公平、公義的施行,祂並且要祂的百姓瞭解,他們只有在祂裡面才能得到庇護。我們也一樣,可以逃往上帝慈愛的懷裡得庇護,祂已經藉著祂的兒子耶穌為我們開啟了這條路。

禱告

        主啊,我們活在一個不安和不滿的時代裡。製造許多問題的民族主義正方興未艾。自私自利的風氣到處瀰漫。幫助我們像約書亞那樣,公正而有智慧的以身教為例教導人:服事您就是要無私的服事他人。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Joshua 19 & 20
Key Verse:“These were the inheritances… divided… by lot in Shiloh before the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. So they made an end of dividing the country.”(Joshua 19:51)
Overview

        Eleazar and Joshua continued their divinely appointed task of diving up the land and thus brought Israel to yet another stage in its development. It must have been a very solemn ceremony, since God was in their midst to sovereignly overrule. The chiefs of every tribe were gathered together at the door of the tabernacle to hear the outcome from the lord.

        All the land of inheritance for the remaining tribes was to fit around the large portions of land already designated for Judah and the house of Joseph, except for the smallest tribe of Simeon, which only received seventeen cities that were within the southern portion of Judah, because Judah had too much land (19:9). The smaller tribe of Simeon soon became swallowed up in the larger Judah, probably a fulfillment of Jacob’s prophecy concerning the scattering of Simeon (Gen.49:7).

        Most of the tribes were situated north of Manasseh, around the area of the Sea of Galilee (see map on page 139). Zebulun received an inheritance in the lower Galilee region, west of the sea. Issachar’s portion went to the southwest of the sea of Galilee, including the beautiful and fertile Jezreel Valley. Naphtaly was allotted the territory mostly north of the Sea of Galilee with the tribe of Asher to the west. Asher’s inheritance went from Mount Carmel (Haifa) to the north along the coast of the Mediterranean as far as Sidon.

        The last tribe to which the lot fell was San. The Danites also received coastal land west of Benhamin between Judah and Manasseh. Much of their territory however, was occupied by Amorites whom they could not drive out (clearly a lack of faith in God who had given them that land), but shamefully the Danites were pushed into the hill country where they did not have enough land for their great numbers (Judges 1:34). This necessitated a large migration to some northern unsettled areas of the Upper Jordan Valley where they conquered the town of Leshem, or Laish, from a settlement of Sidonians (Judges 18:1, 27-29).

        Joshua was a true leader. He did not use his high position for selfish gain; rather, he first saw to it that all the people had their land of inheritance and were content. Then the elders from the various tribes asked Joshua to choose for himself the inheritance he desired, which they would gladly give him. This was what the Lord wanted them to do, since God’s faithful servants are worthy of their reward. In such a way the children of Israel honored Joshua for the hard work he had done for their good (19:49-50).

        Joshua requested Timnath Serah in the mountains of his tribe Ephraim. This was in the territory that he had told his tribesmen to take so that they might expand, but his tribesmen complained since those mountains were heavily forested and in enemy hands (17:14-18). Once again, Joshua proved to be a good leader, for he did not ask his people to do something that he himself was not prepared to do.

        The Lord had yet another administrative duty for Joshua which we read of in chapter 20, and that was to fulfill the command of Moses to “appoint” (20:2; this Hebrew word literally means “sanctify”) three cities of refuge on the west side of the Jordan which would provide sanctuary and justice for innocent manslayers. Moses himself had already set up three east of the Jordan (Num.35:9-15; Deut.19:1-2; 4:41-43). All the cities of refuge were chosen from the Levitical cities, and their geographical locations were important: Kedesh in the north, Shechem in the midlands, and Hebron in the south. In this way they were easily accessible from all parts of the country. The Lord was concerned for justice in His land and wanted the people to understand that they would find refuge only in Him. We, too, can run for refuge to the loving arms of our God, and he has made the way accessible through His Son Jesus.

Prayer

        O Lord, we live in a time of unrest and dissatisfaction. Nationalism that cause of so much trouble is on the rise. Selfishness seems to be everywhere. Help us, like Joshua, to be wise and just, teaching by example that serving You is accomplished by selfless service to others.


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