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Chinese7/14/2006English
經文:傳道書十∼十二章
鑰節:「總意就是敬畏上帝,謹守祂的誡命,這是人所當盡的本分。」(12:13下)
提要

        接著所羅門王繼續論及「智慧和愚昧的比較」,第十章開頭就藉由死蒼蠅的比喻叫我們看出、在智慧人的一生中,既使一點愚昧就能敗壞,因智慧已成就一切良善、美好的事物;當然也使智慧者的名節蕩然無存(10:1)。智慧人和愚昧人的遭遇迴然不同。(10:2)愚昧者陳列展示本身的愚行,以致向眾人顯露出自己的愚昧無知。所羅門還認為,如果掌權者未曾察覺、就立愚昧人坐在高位、反倒令應當榮升的那些真正高貴的智慧者、臣服于愚昧無知的權貴者之下,會帶來極大的錯誤和禍患。在這種處境之下、愚昧者的高位不值得人羨慕,因為他已落入危險之中,並且會因受到傷害或貶損而痛苦萬分,愚昧人遇見困難也終將失敗、跌倒,而智慧人就不一樣了,他會盡心竭力以致成功。(10:5~10)

        所羅門王再次強調,曾在「箴言」中提過愚昧人的口舌,愚昧人的言語造成對他人極大的傷害,並且吞滅自己。(10:11~14)懶惰同樣具有毀滅性。如果一國之君既懶惰又不成熟,加上其餘的當權者都是嗜酒的醉漢,那麼這個王國就會毀於一旦。他們擺錯了優先秩序和輕重位置;寧可放棄尋求智慧、公義、正直和顧及百姓的需要;反而自私地放縱情慾、享受世界的宴樂,並且貪愛錢財、以為金錢萬能。(10:16~19)

        就算世界和其上的事再腐敗,智慧人仍然可以過得很快活。所羅門王指點許多種過快活生活的可行之途徑,智慧人口中說出的話必定是恩慈的,(10:12)對自己的言語須謹慎、勿掉以輕心;免得被人檢舉、去向那些對他有損的人打小報告。(10:20,比如一位衰微過氣的君王)所羅門勸導智者「將你的糧食撒在水面,因為日久必能得著」(11:1)。傳統的看法,對這節聖經的解釋是說,「樂善好施和義舉,將使施捨者的幸福快樂受到直接的影響。」當然是得益處、正面的影響。若遇見災禍不妙等情事,他曾經幫助過的朋友們,會回轉過來施惠于他。(11:2)

        所羅門王教誨眾人勿過度謹慎戒備;同樣的態度也適用于善行或企業投資方面。如果某人貯存錢財以防萬一遭災,必從他手中錯過許多得福分的機會。雖然人生際遇很難預測、我們也無法改變環境,或伺機及時採取任何措施或補救行動;但是我們應該繼續向前,不放棄希望,努力完成工作,信靠上帝必能使萬事互相效力、使人得福。如果一直擔心天候冷暖、不敢撒種也不去耕耘、自然不可能期待成長或豐收的歡樂。(11:3~6)我們信主的人應速傳福音勿遲疑;只管撒福音的種子,上帝已應許必加增得救的人數。這才是上算、絕不失利的投資。上帝的話絕不落空,所以我們可以交托仰賴祂,終必為主得人。

        傳道書的結論是所羅門王連續追尋人生的方向和意義時,所獲得的重要心得和建議。他仍支持一貫所倡導的「人當享受生命而歡暢」,在此須注意他加上的是「上帝必審判你」。因此,宴樂、歡暢只應藉上帝的道路,而非經由放蕩縱情的方式獲得。(11:9~10)第十二章1節就是傳道者規勸年青朋友當「趁著年幼的日子,記念造他們的主」(12:1)他渴望青年人,趁著年老衰敗的日子尚未來到,和毫無喜樂的年日未曾臨近之先(12:2~5用寓言的筆法描寫人年紀漸大、身體退化的情形);趁著「人歸他永遠的家」及「靈仍歸於賜靈的上帝」死期未到以先。(12:5~7)敬虔地渡日,並且儘可能地享受生命。

        傳道者陳說「傳道書」和「箴言書」的目的,總意就是教導、訓誨來自「一個牧者」所賜的智慧和真理。這些智慧的言語不僅勸戒我們,同時也像刺棍(趕牛的棍子)一般鞭策且促進行動、激起我們靈裡面的覺醒、更新;這些事也像「釘穩的釘子」使我們的靈性紮根於不動搖、穩固的真理、誠實的話語上面。(12:11)

        傳道書最重要的結論是「敬畏上帝」。讓我們以極肅然敬虔、景仰的態度,驚歎上帝的偉大無畏和聖潔光明。我們謹守祂的誡命,這是人所當盡的本分。(12:13)人受造是為了要榮耀上帝;人生的目標、意義能否圓滿成就在於我們是否敬畏上帝、謹守祂的誡命。除非我們人生的目的得以完成,否則人心不會尋找到真正的幸福、快樂或享受生命之歡暢。故沒有上帝,實在是「凡事都是虛空」。(12:8)

禱告

        上帝哪!我們渴望能使您得榮耀,乃因您配得一切的讚美、稱頌。感謝主,因為您的話語清楚地顯明並指出唯有您能給予人生的真實意義。除了造我們的主之外,我們還可以向誰尋求生命的目標和意義呢?奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Ecclesiastes 10, 11 &12
Key Verse:"Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man."(Ecclesiastes 12:13b)
Overview

        In Solomon's continuing comparison of wisdom and folly, he begins by telling us, through the analogy of the dead flies (10:1), how just a little folly in a wise man's life can destroy all the good that wisdom had accomplished; it can also ruin his reputation as a wise man. The wise man and the fool are quite different (10:2). The fool parades his folly so that his foolishness is evident to all. Solomon considers it as a great evil if a ruler, not perceiving this, raises the fool to a high position, while the truly wise and noble one, who should have been promoted, is placed under the fool's authority. In spite of this situation, the fool's high position is not to be envied, since it will put him in danger and he will suffer from injury or disgrace. That which is difficult and causes the fool to fail will not do so with the wise man, for because of his wisdom, he will succeed in all his endeavors (10:5-10).

        As in the Book of Proverbs, Solomon stresses here the folly of a fool's tongue; his words can cause great harm to others and destruction to himself (10:11-14). Laziness is also destructive. If a king is lazy and childish and the other leaders are drunkards, it can ruin the kingdom. They have their priorities in the wrong place. Rather than seeking wisdom and justice and attending to the needs of the people, they selfishly indulge in worldy pleasures and love money as the answer to everything (10:16-19).

        Even in a corrupt world, the wise person can live a happy life. Solomon points out various practical ways that this is possible. The wise person's words should be gracious (10:12), and he must watch what he says, lest an informer report him to another who may harm him (such as a corrupt king, 10:20). Solomon also advises the wise: "Cast your bread upon the water, for you will find it after many days" (11:1). Traditionally this verse has been understood to mean that benevolence and charity will influence the happiness of the giver, and he will benefit from it. When an evil comes to him, those friends whom he had once helped will now help him (11:2).

        Solomon teaches that one must not be overcautious. This can also apply to charity or business investments. If one reserves his money in case of a misfortune, he is missing out on many benefits. Since nature is unpredictable and man can do nothing to change it, the time for taking any action is always uncertain, but one must still get out and get the work done and trust God to make it profitable. If one continually worries about the weather, he might not sow or reap, and then there would be no growth or harvest (11:3-6). Believers should not be hesitant about spreading the gospel; they should just do it, and God has promised to give an increase. This is an investment that cannot fail. God's Word does not return void, and therefore we can trust Him that souls will be saved.

        In the conclusion of the Book of Ecclesiastes, Solomon gives his final recommendations based on what he has learned during the course of his search for meaning in life. He still advocates that one should enjoy his life, but now he adds that it must be done while keeping in mind that "God will bring you into judgment". Therefore, pleasure must come only in God's way, not through debauchery (11:9-10). Therefore, the Preacher admonishes young people to "remember [their] Creator in the days of [their] youth" (12:1). He longs that young people live godly and enjoyable lives while they can, before old age comes and many enjoyments cease (12:2-5, allegories on aging), and before the time of death when "man goes to his eternal home" and "the spirit [returns] to God who gave it" (12:5-7).

        The Preacher's purpose in writing Ecclesiastes and many proverbs has been to teach wisdom and truth, which came from the "one Shepherd". These wise words serve to not only admonish us, but also to be like "goads" to prod and move us to spiritual awakening and action; they also serve as "well-driven nails" that we might be spiritually grounded in the unshakable truth of God's Word (12:11).

        The grand conclusion is to "fear God" with a reverential awe of His greatness and holiness and "keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man" (12:13). Man was created to glorify the Lord, and our purpose in life cannot be fulfilled unless we do just that (i.e. fear God and keep His commandments). Unless our purpose in life is fulfilled, we can find no true happiness or enjoyment. Therefore, without God, truly "all is vanity".

Prayer

        We long to glorify You, oh God, for You are worthy of all praise. Thank You for Your Word which clearly shows that only You give us meaning. Who better can we turn to for purpose in life than our Creator?


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