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Chinese11/7/2005English
經文:撒母耳記下三至四章
鑰節:「大衛家日見強盛,掃羅家日見衰弱。」(3:1)
提要

        三章一節告訴我們,「掃羅家和大衛家爭戰許久」。雖然在基遍戰役之後,撒母耳記沒有明文記載兩家進一步的爭戰,但敵對的狀態──冷戰──是一直存在的。大衛並非好戰之輩,他本可以輕易的用武力襲捲整個以色列國,但他甘於等候上帝,並信任上帝會在祂自己的時間成就祂的計畫。上帝使大衛得到愈來愈多以色列人的支持(參代上12:19~22)。同時,弱勢的伊施波設和他岌岌可危的王國則日漸衰落。

        伊施波設背後真正的掌權者是押尼珥,伊施波設也似乎感受到了來自押尼珥的威脅。他指控押尼珥與他父親之妾發生關係的話很嚴厲,因為那暗示押尼珥是叛主之臣。在東方文化裡,國王的女眷經常被視為是其繼位者的財產。佔有先王的妻妾就好像自稱為王一般。押尼珥對伊施波設的侮辱感到氣憤不已,他發誓要幫助大衛得到全以色列國──「從但到別是巴」。在此之前,押尼珥一直抵擋上帝的旨意,但令人驚訝的是,現在他承認,上帝已將國權由掃羅轉給大衛了。

        押尼珥成功的將大衛合法之妻,掃羅的女兒米甲歸還大衛,然後他又應許大衛,所有的以色列人必效忠大衛,大衛便與他和好。當約押聽見這個消息,他懷疑押尼珥的企圖,而試著想離間大衛與押尼珥(3:25)。約押可能擔心,如果押尼珥真的支持大衛,那麼,經驗豐富的押尼珥可能會取代了他元帥的職位。不過,約押和他兄弟謀殺押尼珥的最主要理由是要為他們的弟弟亞撒黑報仇(3:30;2:22~23)。大衛強烈的指責約押的罪行,並強調,他和他的國與此罪無干,因為他一點也不知道約押邪惡的計畫。假若大衛與此案有一點點關係,那對他的政治生命將是一大傷害。約押也沒有理由為他的弟弟報血仇,因為押尼珥殺亞撒黑是在戰爭中出於自衛,而不是惡意的預謀(民35:20~21)。

        押尼珥之死使以色列失去一個強有力的領袖,伊施波設也再沒有希望在以色列中成為一位強大的國王(4:1)。掃羅家也沒有其他人可繼承王位,因為米非波設身體殘障(4:4)。掃羅軍隊中的兩個軍長巴拿和利甲看見伊施波設沒有指望,他們可能想討好大衛,先向贏家靠攏,於是殺了伊施波設,除去大衛欲統一以色列國的最後一個障礙。

        就如自稱手刃掃羅的亞瑪力人一樣,大衛的反應也出乎巴拿和利甲的意料之外(4:10)。他們不但沒有得到大衛的讚許,反而因此罪被處死。大衛對他們所說的話顯示出,他並不需要邪惡之人用他們的罪行幫助他,他相信上帝自會成就祂救贖大衛、為大衛復仇的旨意(4:9)。大衛願意相信、順服、等候上帝的救贖,因為他明白,上帝掌管一切,並有一救贖的計畫──不只要救大衛,也要救以色列國。

禱告

        主啊,我們的國家需要你所揀選的政治領袖。求你興起按公義而行的敬虔人代替那些不秉公行義的人。因為「公義使邦國高舉,罪惡是人民的羞辱。」奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read 2 Samuel 3 &4
Key Verse:"David grew stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker."(2 Samuel 3:1)
Overview

        We read that "there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David" (3:1). No further actual battles are recorded after the conflict at Gibeon (2:17), but there was a state of hostility — a cold war. David was never aggressive, though he could have easily taken over all Israel by force; rather, he was content to wait on the Lord and trust Him to fulfill His plan in His own time. All the while, the Lord was giving David favour among more and more Israelites, so he was quickly gaining support and strength (cf. 1 Chronicles 12:19-22).

        Meanwhile, Ishbosheth was a weak ruler with a feeble kingdom that was getting gradually weaker. Abner was the real power behind Ishbosheth, and it appears that this new king may have himself felt threatened by Abner's strength. The accusation he made against Abner having relations with his father's concubine was serious, for it implied an act of treason. Often in the east, the harem of a king was considered the property of his successor. To take one of his women was like a claim to the throne. Abner was so angry about the insult of Ishbosheth that he vowed to help David gain control of the whole kingdom, "from Dan to Beersheba" (3:10). Surprisingly, he admitted that God had transferred the kingship from Saul to David, for before this point he had been in opposition to the will of God.

        Abner arranged for the return of David's lawful wife Michal, the daughter of Saul, whom Saul had wrongly given to another (1 Samuel 25:44). He then promised David the allegiance of all Israel, and David made peace with him. When Joab heard of this, he was suspicious of Abner's intentions and tried to turn David against him (3:25). Joab was probably worried that if Abner truly supported David, then Abner, being more experienced, might take his position. The main reason Joab and his brother conspired to assassinate Abner, however, was in revenge for his killing their younger brother Asahel (3:30; 2:22-23). David strongly condemned Joab for this wickedness and stressed that he and his kingdom were innocent, having no previous knowledge of his evil plan. To have had a part in this would have been politically damaging for David. There were also no grounds for a justified blood-revenge, since Abner had slain Asahel in self-defence during warfare; it was not a premeditated murder with evil intent (Numbers 35:20-21).

        The death of Abner left Israel without a strong leader and Ishbosheth lost hope in ever becoming a strong king in Israel (4:1). There was also no other legitimate successor to the throne in Saul's family, since Mephibosheth was physically incapable (4:4). Two brothers, Baanah and Rechab, who were captains in Saul's army, also saw the hopelessness of Ishbosheth's cause and were possibly trying to gain favour with David and get on the winning side by removing the last obstacle to David's united kingdom (4:8).

        Like the Amalekite who claimed to kill Saul, David's response was not what they expected (4:10). Rather than being looked upon with favour, they were executed for their crime. David's words show that he did not need the help of wicked men and their crimes, but he had faith that God would accomplish his will of redeeming and avenging him (4:9). David was willing to trust, obey, and wait for the Lord's redemption, for he understood that God was in control and had a plan, for not only his own salvation, but the salvation of the nation as well.

Prayer

        Lord, in our Nation we need the political leaders of Your choice. Please sustain those who do walk in righteousness and raise up godly people to replace those who do not walk in righteousness. Your Word declares that, "Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people.


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