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Chinese10/29/2005English
經文:撒母耳記上二十章
鑰節:「我們二人曾指著耶和華的名起誓,說,願耶和華在你我中間,並你我後裔中間為證,直到永遠。如今你平平安安的去吧!」(20:42)
提要

        從本章我們再次看到約拿單與大衛之間美好的情誼。約拿單高貴的性格和對上帝的信心,都證明他會是一個好國王。不過,上帝的智慧高於人的智慧,祂從猶大支派另揀選了一人。雖然約拿單曉得上帝的計畫是要大衛,而不是他,作以色列的下一任國王,但他並不嫉妒,他更關切上帝的旨意成就與否。所以,他支持大衛。

        這兩位朋友重新肯定他們之間的約,並在上帝面前立下神聖的誓言為證,當大衛將來作王時,他必不忘記此約,甚至在他們後裔之間也有效。約拿單要求大衛應許向他的子孫守約,因為在當時,王朝更迭之際,新王經常會將前朝的家族盡行殺滅。不過大衛信守他與約拿單之約,後來施恩與約拿單的兒子米非波設(撒下9章)。

        約拿單與他父親的關係似乎頗為親密(20:2),並且對父親有高度的信任。因此他以為父親想要大衛的命只是因為偶爾受到惡魔的干擾,造成他行為失常。約拿單覺得當父親神智正常時,絕不會傷害大衛。不過大衛並不認為如此,也不信任掃羅。他很有智慧的設計了一個方法來證明掃羅真正的企圖。結果會使約拿單相信,大衛是對的。

        希伯來陰曆每逢初一的新月節是一個宗教節日,在以色列民中要吹角並獻祭給上帝(民10:10;28:11~15)。大衛是王室的一員,也應當參加這個為期三天的節日。第一天掃羅原諒大衛的缺席,他想大衛大概是沾染了什麼不潔之物,使他無法出席宗教節慶。但禮上的不潔到日落就解除了,所以第二天大衛沒有理由再缺席(利15:10、16)。

        約拿單為大衛辯解,引起掃羅憤怒的反應,清楚證明了他想殺害大衛的邪惡企圖。掃羅用最粗鄙的話侮辱約拿單,也表達出他對大衛可能奪取他王位的畏懼。他指責約拿單與敵為友的愚蠢將使他蒙羞受辱。現在,掃羅將用盡一切辦法來除去大衛這個眼中釘。

        為了預防有密探窺視,所以約拿單必須小心翼翼。他假裝出外練習射箭,好藉著約定好的記號警告大衛。約拿單對替他拿箭的童子喊的話實際上是說給大衛聽的。「箭不是在你前頭嗎?……速速的去,不要遲延!」(20:37~38)大衛明白繼續逗留不安全,他必須趕緊逃跑。約拿單說:「你平平安安的去吧」,也真的反映出大衛的流亡之旅,約拿單雖然憂傷與好友別離,但他知道上帝會與大衛同在,當一個人行在上帝的旨意裡,他就有真平安。

禱告

        主啊,謝謝您,您是我們比兄弟更親近的朋友。幫助我們像約拿單一樣,作別人真正的朋友。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read 1 Samuel 20
Key Verse:"Go in peace, since we have both sworn in the name of the Lord, saying, 'May the Lord be between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants, forever'."(1 Samuel 20:42)
Overview

        Once again in this chapter, we see the beautiful love and friendship between Jonathan and David. Jonathan's nobility of character and faith in God are evidence that he would have made a good king. However, God, in His wisdom, had chosen another from the tribe of Judah. Even though Jonathan was aware that it was God's plan for David to be the next king rather than himself, he was not jealous (as was his father) but was more concerned to see God's will accomplished. Therefore, he supported David.

        The two friends reaffirmed and put a seal on their covenant by the solemn oath before God that when David eventually became king he would not forget the covenant with Jonathan. It would be binding, even upon their descendants (20:14-17, 42). In the interest of his children, Jonathan secured this promise, for in those days when a different dynasty came to power, they would often totally destroy the family of the previous king. David, however, was faithful to the covenant and later showed kindness to Jonathan's son Mephibosheth (2 Samuel 9).

        It appears that Jonathan had a close relationship with his father (20:2) and was trying to believe the best of him. Because of this, he thought his father's attempts upon David's life were only because of the distressing spirit that occasionally had come upon him, causing him to behave abnormally. He felt that when in his right mind, Saul would not harm David. David, however, was not convinced of this, nor did he trust Saul; therefore, he wisely devised a plan to discover Saul's true intentions. This would prove to Jonathan that David was right.

        The observance of the New Moon, which marked the beginning of the Hebrew lunar month, was a religious and civil festival accompanied by the blowing of trumpets and sacrificing to God (Numbers 10:10; 28:11-15). David, as a member of the king's household, was expected to attend this three-day feast. On the first day, Saul excused his absence thinking he must have been "unclean", possibly from touching something dead, which would exclude him from participation in religious feasts. Ceremonial uncleanness, however, only lasted until sunset, therefore this could not be the reason for his absence on the second day (Leviticus 15:10, 16).

        Saul's furious response to the excuse Jonathan made for David clearly proved his evil intention to kill David. He insulted Jonathan in the most vulgar language with the worst expression of contempt (20:30). He expressed his fears about David taking over as king and expressed Jonathan's foolishness in befriending the man who would plot his downfall and violently take his rightful throne, thus putting him to shame. Saul would now make every effort to have David killed.

        In case there were spies watching, Jonathan had to be cautious. He pretended to go out for archery practice, so that by the prearranged sign he would be able to warn David. The words Jonathan shouted to the boy who fetched his arrows were actually intended for David. He knew exactly what they meant: "Is not the arrow beyond you?... hurry, do not delay!" (20:37-38). David knew it was not safe for him to remain, and he would have to flee as an exile. Jonathan's words of "go in peace" (20:42) would truly reflect David's departure, for though he was grieved to leave his friend, God would be with him, and when one is in the will of God, there is true peace.

Prayer

        Lord, thank you that You are a friend that sticks closer than a brother. As Jonathan was a true friend to David, help us to be friends to someone who needs our assistance.


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