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Chinese10/31/2005English
經文:撒母耳記上廿三至廿四章
鑰節:「願耶和華在你我中間判斷是非,在你身上為我伸冤,我卻不親手加害於你。」(24:12)
提要

        雖然大衛成了以色列的逃犯,但他曾冒死保衛以色列,以色列人也仍然仰望大衛,而不是掃羅,來拯救他們。大衛多次在上帝的幫助下擊敗非利士人,現在非利士人搶奪基伊拉(鄰接非利士境的一塊肥沃土地)的禾場。大衛兩次尋求上帝的指引(大概是透過先知迦得)。第一次上帝指示他「去……拯救基伊拉」,因為他乃命定要作以色列人的拯救者。但由於大衛的人馬對此行動有疑慮,所以大衛二度尋求上帝的確認,上帝的答覆也比第一次更明確:「我必將非利士人交在你手裡」(23:4)。大衛和他的隨員曉得,他們人數寡少(現已從四百人增為六百人,22:2;23:13),若沒有上帝的幫助,想攻擊非利士人無異自取滅亡。

        令人驚訝的是,即使大衛救了基伊拉人脫離非利士人之手,基伊拉人仍情願背叛他,所以大衛不得不逃離該城。大衛在採取任何行動前都先詢問上帝。亞希米勒之子亞比亞他在逃亡時帶著以弗得,大衛藉此得以明白上帝的旨意(23:9~12)。

        當大衛曉得掃羅要來追殺他,基伊拉人也不會幫助他,於是他便逃往猶大山地和死海之間的曠野。那是一塊偏僻、歧嶇、多石灰岩洞的地區,大衛在那段曠野時期作了許多優美的詩篇讚美上帝。他也在西弗曠野(約於希伯崙東南方六公里處)最後一次與約拿單會面。約拿單到那裡見他親愛的朋友大衛,在他們重新立約前,約拿單用近似預言的話鼓勵他:「我父掃羅的手必不加害於你,你必作以色列的王。」掃羅在上帝面前毫無能力,因為上帝掌管每件事發生的時間,為拯救大衛的性命。瑪雲山的經歷格外證明上帝的保守,那時大衛幾乎不可避免的要被掃羅捕獲(23:26~28)。

        掃羅對付了攪局的非利士人後,立刻馬不停蹄的繼續追趕大衛(24:1~2)。掃羅實在可以去做其他更有意義的事,而不必大費周章的追逐一個根本無意傷害他的人。大衛純潔的動機在隱基底事件中表露無遺。出於上帝的計畫,掃羅在追趕大衛途中正好進入大衛藏身的洞穴。大衛可以輕而易舉的殺掃羅,他的隨從也慫恿他這麼做,但對大衛而言,為了報復而殺害受膏的王和自己的岳父,是件可惡的事。他尊重掃羅為上帝的受膏者,不願下手加害他,而寧願將掃羅的命運交由上帝全權處理。大衛證明他的確忠於掃羅家,正如亞希米勒對他的讚語(22:14,24:6)。他表現出耶穌所教導的,愛自己仇敵的情操(太5:44)。連掃羅也承認大衛高貴的品格;他明白大衛比他更公義,更尊貴,也更配得王位。

禱告

        親愛的主,雖然掃羅虐待大衛,但大衛並沒有嚴厲的報復掃羅。求主幫助我們也不以牙還牙,而能以善報惡。主耶穌,您是最好的榜樣。我們以您為我們生命的主。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read 1 Samuel 23 &24
Key Verse:"Let the Lord judge between you and me, and let the Lord avenge me on you. But my hand shall not be against you."(1 Samuel 24:12)
Overview

        Though David was a fugitive in Israel, he risked everything to defend Israel, and the people still looked to him, rather than Saul, for deliverance. The Philistines, whom David had so often defeated with God's help, were robbing the grain from the people of Keilah (in the fertile lowlands bordering Philistine territory). David twice inquired of God for guidance, probably through the prophet Gad. The first time he received the divine instruction to "go... and save Keilah" (23:2), since he had been ordained to be Israel's deliverer. The second time, David inquired for confirmation because his men expressed doubts. God's response was more specific that time, and He gave them confidence by saying, "I will deliver the Philistines into your hand" (23:4). David and his army knew that because of their small numbers (now grown from 400 to 600 men, 22:2; 23:13), an attack upon the Philistines without the help of the Lord would be futile.

        It is surprising that, even after David had saved the people of Keilah from the Philistines, they were still willing to betray him; therefore, he had to escape from their city. David first inquired of the Lord before making any move. Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech, brought with him the sacred ephod when he escaped Saul's slaughter, and somehow through it the will of God was made clear (23:9-12).

        When David knew Saul was coming to kill him and the people would not help him, he fled to the wilderness — a rough, desolate region of limestone rocks and caves between the Judean hills and the Dead Sea. During this period of hiding in the wilderness, David composed many of the beautiful psalms of praise to the Lord. He also met with Jonathan for the last time in this wilderness region of Ziph (about six kilometers southeast of Hebron). Jonathan went there to meet his dear friend David and, before renewing their covenant, he spoke words of encouragement to him that seemed prophetic: "Saul my father shall not find you. You shall be king over Israel" (24:17). Yet, all the while, Saul continued his insane pursuit of David every day, "but God did not deliver him into his hand" (23:14). Saul was powerless before God who worked out all the timing of events in order to save David's life. This was clearly evident in his escape from the mountain of Maon, when capture had seemed inevitable (23:26-28).

        After Saul returned from dealing with the annoying Philistines, he wasted no time in his pursuit of David (24:1-2). Surely he had better things to do than chase someone who clearly meant him no harm. The purity of David's motives was shown in the remarkable incident at En Gedi (an oasis in the limestone desert less than a kilometer above the Dead Sea on the east edge of the Judean desert). Providentially, while hunting for David, Saul went into the very cave where he was hiding. David could very easily have killed Saul, as his men urged him to do, but to him the thought of killing the anointed king and his father-in-law in revenge was abhorrant! He respected the authority of Saul as God's anointed and would not take his life into his own hands; rather, he left Saul's fate in the sovereign hands of God. David proved to be honourable and faithful to the house of Saul, just as Ahimelech had spoken (22:14; 24:6). He showed the type of love for one's enemy that Jesus had and taught (Matthew 5:44). Even Saul testified to David's noble character. He realized that David, being more righteous and honourable than he, was worthy of the throne.

Prayer

        Dear Lord, as David did not respond in harsh treatment to Saul and his family, even though Saul had wronged him terribly, so help us not to return evil for evil but do good to those who use us badly. Lord Jesus, You were the best example of this. We make You Lord of our lives. Amen.


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