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Chinese8/1/2006English
經文:以賽亞書三至五章
鑰節:「到那日,耶和華發生的苗必華美尊榮……」(4:2)
提要

        第三章談及猶大的光景和預言即將要發生的事,以賽亞勸猶大悔改服事上帝,否則上帝要降下極大的懲戒,傾倒猶大、毀壞耶路撒冷城(3:8)。有趣的是,以賽亞預言耶路撒冷衰敗時,像是已經完成的事,因上帝決定要如此行,而猶大人也已因他們的罪步向毀滅之路;事實上耶路撒冷是在一百五十年之後才被毀滅。

        猶大被毀滅之前,經歷了上帝的審判,首先上帝讓飢荒、乾旱臨到,又除去城中的勇士與才能者,反以無能者(如孩童、嬰兒3:4)及無知的婦人(3:12)來替代,不敬虔的婦女及無知的婦女領導猶大,無怪乎要滅亡;而這些女人都是驕傲、悖道、愚蠢、引誘人的、專注意外貌卻不願遵行上帝的話,討祂的喜悅(3:16~23),因此上帝使她們蒙羞,除去她們奢華浪費的裝飾,卻以疾病擊打她們(3:24),又藉戰爭除去男丁,使她們赤露下體,沒丈夫亦沒孩子(4:1)。

        這些審判在尼布甲尼撒(巴比倫王)侵略猶大時應驗了,尼布甲尼撒擄去了許多人(王下24:14~16),留下一個混亂將被毀滅的耶路撒冷,而無能的領袖引導猶大陷入更深的罪中(3:12),終致毀滅(3:26;代下36:11~21),應驗了以賽亞的預言。

        第四章是以賽亞預言的典型,由警戒急轉入安慰(4:2~6),停止了審判的預言,轉入將來榮耀的天國,錫安將成為耶和華發生的苗,必華美尊榮,以及彌賽亞的降臨(4:2;耶23:5,33:15;亞3:8;6:12)

        榮耀天國的應許,不是給全以色列人的,而是給因信餘留的子民,只有他們才能逃離上帝的忿怒(羅11:5)。上帝要洗淨這地,僅留下聖潔的居住在新耶路撒冷。上帝在錫安顯現時,也將有雲柱、火柱出現像摩西時代一樣,在上帝永恆的會幕中,祂的子民將找到藏身之處。

        第五章是葡萄園的比喻,以賽亞說,對於那些沒有信心、不結果子,又沒價值的葡萄枝子,上帝要審判他們。以賽亞是第一個用葡萄園來比喻以色列人(1:8;3:14;5:1~7;那2:21;12:10;詩80:8~10;結19:10~14)。他嘆息,上帝為愛祂的子民所付出的一切,為使葡萄樹能結好果實,祂不斷地清理枝子、鬆土、除去雜草、供應高台以保護葡萄園,而其中的葡萄卻因犯罪不義,流無辜人的血(5:7),成為無用的野葡萄。他們無法逃過上帝的懲罰,上帝挪去所有的保護,使他們承受毀滅的痛苦(5:5~6),落入巴比倫人的手中。在新約中耶穌亦有同樣的意念在心中,主說:「我是真葡葡樹」(約15:1~7)。

        第五章餘下的部分論到猶大因犯罪而導致審判,他們自私貪婪的罪有六樣:享樂(耽迷醉酒中)、物質主義、逆道而行、驕傲、自義、不公義。他們輕視並拒絕上帝的話,自己內心卻充滿罪惡,上帝喚起公義審判他們,燒他們如燒乾草(5:24),又喚起遠方的國家執行上帝的審判(5:26~30),到時他們將蒙羞被擄,永遠活在地獄中。

禱告

        親愛的上帝!願我們能認識那華美尊榮,從上帝而出的苗,也願救贖主在地上所結的果實是美好且能吸引人的。感謝主,藉著耶穌使我們罪得赦免,幫助我們繼續思想您奇妙的工作。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Isaiah 3, 4&5
Key Verse:"In that day the Branch of the Lord shall be beautiful and glorious;..."(Isaiah 4:2)
Overview

        While chapter two looked far into the future, chapter three deals with the immediate situation in Judah and prophesies concerning the near future events. Unless the people of Judah repent and serve God, He will bring upon them numerous chastisements which will culminate in the destruction of Jerusalem (3:8). Interestingly, Isaiah writes about Jerusalem's ruin as an accomplished fact, since it had already been decided upon by God. Judah was on the road to ruin because of her sinfulness. The actual physical destruction of Jerusalem, however, would not take place until almost 150 years later.

        On their road to ruin, they would experience the judgment of the Lord. Firstly, God would send famine and drought to the land; then He would remove all the strong warriors and capable men of authority, replacing them with incompetent leaders ("children" and "babes", 3:4) and women, which in that culture was rare since the women were unschooled (3:12). If the ungodly women that Isaiah describes in his day were the same type of women to later assume leadership roles, then it is no wonder the nation was in decay; those women were proud, rebellious, foolish, seductive, and more concerned with their own outward appearance than with pleasing God and living according to His Word (3:16-23). The Lord, however, would soon humiliate them, strip them of their lavish luxuries and adornments, and inflict them with disease (3:24). With the drastic depletion in the population of men because of war, the women would be further humiliated and put to shame by having to bear the reproach of not having a husband nor bearing children (4:1).

        This sentence of divine judgment was partly fulfilled by Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, when he invaded Judah several times and took away many captives (particularily 2 Kings 24:14-16), leaving Jerusalem in a state of chaos and on the road to total ruin, for the incompetant leaders led the nation deeper into sin (3:12). Finally, the city of Jerusalem was destroyed in fulfillment of prophecy (3:26; 2 Chron. 36:11-21).

        In chapter four, we have a good example of Isaiah's typical style in moving suddenly from warnings of judgment to messages of comfort (4:2-6). He leaves the subject of imminent judgment to speak of the future glory when Zion will prosper under the beautiful and glorious "Branch" (literally, "sprout"), a term referring to the Messiah (4:2; cf. Jer. 23:5; 33:15; Zech. 3:8;6:12).

        The promise here is not to the entire nation but rather to the faithful remnant who have escaped God's wrath (Rom. 11:5). The Lord will purge the land, leaving only those who are "holy" to inhabit the New Jerusalem. The Lord's presence in Zion will be symbolized by the pillar of fire and cloud, as it was in the days of Moses, and in the Lord's millenial Tabernacle His people will find a place of refuge.

        With the poetic allegory of the vineyard in chapter five, Isaiah clearly states that judgment will be certain on the unfaithful, unfruitful, and worthless vine. Isaiah was the first to use the vineyard as a symbol of Israel (1:8; 3:14; 5:1-7; cf. Jer. 2:21; 12:10; Ps. 80:8-10; Ezek. 19:10-14). He laments that after God had cared and done everything to make His vineyard (His people) fruitful and good, such as cleaning, digging, removing all obstacles, and providing a tower for protection, they turned out to be like the bitter and useless wild grapes, because of their sin, injustice, and shedding of innocent blood (5:7). Their inevitable punishment was that God would remove His protective hedge and allow them to suffer destruction and desolation (5:5-6); this was to come by the hands of the Babylonians. Israel had failed to produce fruit. With this same picture in mind, Jesus declared, "I am the true vine" (John 15:1-7).

        In the remainder of chapter five, we read a series of six "woes" as Isaiah condemns the sins of the people of Judah. They were guilty of selfish greed, hedonism (including alcoholic indulgence), materialism, reversing the standards, pride, self-sufficiency, and injustice. They despised and rejected the words of the Lord and were full of iniquity, but the Lord's justice would be vindicated. God would burn them like chaff (5:24) and raise up the nations to come and execute His judgment against them (5:26-30). They were to suffer humiliation, captivity, and eternity in hell (5:13-15), for they had rejected the Lord God of the Covenant.

Prayer

        Dear God, may we perceive the beauty and glory o{ the "Branch of the Lord". May the fruit of the earth, the redeemed of the Lord, be excellent and appealing to others. Thank You for the escape from sin and its clutches we find in Jesus. Cause us to continually think about Your wonderful works.


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