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Chinese5/11/2006English
經文:詩篇第六十、六一、六二篇
鑰節:「我們倚靠上帝,才得施展大能……。」(60:12)
提要

        我們在詩篇第六十篇中看到,當大衛為王時,地上動亂就起。在那個時代,新王登基,有人起而反抗,也是常見的事,所以大衛被迫而起同時奮戰三個鄰國,正如我們看到這一詩篇題目一樣(比較撒下8:3~6、13~16;代上18:5、12~15)。當大衛在北方扺抗米索波大米、亞蘭、及瑣巴(敘利亞)時,他又在遙遠的東南方受到乘虛入侵的以東人的攻擊,於是大衛派遣約押和亞比篩帶領一部份軍隊去迎戰;結果,他們贏得了重大勝利。在這一詩篇的題目寫成的時候,他們據報已擊殺了一萬二千以東人,但是最後的歷史紀錄顯示,實際擊殺的以東人已高達一萬八千人(撒下8:13;代上18:12)。

        這一詩篇反映出以色列人在戰果揭曉之前的態度。以色列人的道德敗壞,並且處在驚慌與絕望的狀態中。他們不了解為什麼會遭遇這種逆境與不幸。他們感到他們已為上帝所棄。實際上,這些戰爭證明對以色列人是有益的,因為他們得到了勝利,而且他們的力量也增加了。大衛明白,他們絕望與抱怨的時候已經過去了,否則有害無益。他現在已積極地說話,也宣稱由於他們敬畏上帝,也依然為上帝所愛,他們為了真理的緣故在祂的旗幟下進軍;又由於他們都是上帝的子民(撒下7:9~10;創15:18~22),他們的救恩及戰勝敵人的成果是有保證的。

        耶和華榮耀兩個最傑出的支派:一個是以法蓮支派(約瑟的後裔),擁有最強大的軍事力量,被視為以色列人的驕傲(比較何7:8~10;創49:22~26);另一個是猶大支派,為公義與權威的寶座(比較78:67~68;創49:10)。他們的領土都是耶和華給他們的產業,但是耶和華也要求摩押,以東,及非利士三國的人,要他們成為祂子民的僕人。大衛呼喊,若是沒有上帝的幫助,他們的軍事努力必然是徒勞無功。祇有上帝才能幫助他們攻擊以東人那佔有天險的「堅固的城」,因為它是建在懸崖上,易守難攻(如今這地名叫Petra;60:9~11;俄3章),同時,要求聯軍的幫助是枉然的(60:11下)。大衛所作充滿信心的呼喊──「藉著上帝的幫助,我們就能做到──終於成為一個事實」。

        詩篇第六一篇是大衛在放逐時,也許是因押沙龍的叛變而促使他逃命期間,所作的祈禱。他的心已為憂傷和寂寞所壓倒,渴望能回到聖城上帝的會幕中。大衛帶著絕望與脆弱的情緒,祈求上帝帶領他走到一個安全的地方;那是一個高高在上的磐石,使他難以攀上,但是他的仇敵也同樣地難以攀上。今天,當我們向上帝作同樣的要求時,上帝一定會帶領我們走上那塊磐石──主耶穌基督──在那磐石上,一個人可以找到永恆的安全。

        大衛回想起,在過去,上帝經常成為他的庇護所;每當他想起這事,他就可以得到力量與確信,甚至對未來,也有了盼望。他決志信靠耶和華,並且肯定上帝必垂聽他的祈求,也會滿足他的盼望;與上帝有屬靈的交通(永遠住在祂的會幕裡;23:6;27:4~5)及在祂的翅膀下受到保護。大衛帶著信心相信,他及敬畏上帝的其他人都會得到祂應許的產業,因為他們都是耶和華的後裔(比較羅8:17)。大衛王基於上帝的憐憫和真道,也相信上帝會賜給他長壽,還有他的江山子孫長傳;這些都在彌賽亞主耶穌基督的身上得到應驗(撒下7:16)。由於他深信上帝必定拯救他,他決定信守每天的誓言,要為耶和華獻上他的讚美祭。

        詩篇第六二篇是一首有關信心的詩歌,信靠上帝是大衛唯一的幫助,也是完全充足的。大衛用他自己對上帝的信靠作一個榜樣,敦勸別人也要像他那樣信靠上帝,求上帝作為他們的庇護所(62:8)。它是一篇將公義的行為與信靠作一對比的詩篇(62:1~2、5~7),而且也將它們與惡人的作一比較(62:3~4、9~10)。大衛表達他對上帝絕對的信靠。他沉默的靈等候上帝,作為他的救恩,因為他唯一的希望就是上帝(62:1、5)。由於上帝是他的磐石,他知道生命中的風暴不會吞噬他,也不會動搖他的信心。在比較上,惡人很容易就會跌倒與滅亡,因為他們陷害別人,並且是假冒偽善的人,他們不能屹立在磐石上,不祇因為他們比蒸氣還輕,而且因為他們篤信壓迫、搶劫、及財富。用誠實的方法賺取到更多財富的人不會受到譴責,但是大衛關注的乃是,那些人不要把心放在財富上,因為財富是不可靠的。總之,大衛宣揚上帝的憐憫與大能;當上帝在日後「照著各人所行的報應人們」時,這兩者是完全平衡的(62:12;太16:27;羅2:6~10)。

禱告

        親愛的主啊,感謝您與我們併肩作戰。當我們完全信靠您的時候,您就榮耀您的話語,使我們得到全面的勝利,尤其是戰勝我們最大的仇敵──撒但。奉主耶穌基督聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Psalms 60, 61 &62
Key Verse:"Through God we will do valiantly...".(Psalm 60:12)
Overview

        In Psalm 60, we learn of the turmoil that was in the land when David became king. It was common in those days for there to be uprisings against a new monarch; so David was forced to engage in battle against three different surrounding countries simultaneously, as we learn from the title of this psalm (cf. 2 Samuel 8:3-6, 13-16; 1 Chronicles 18:5,12-15). While David was fighting in the north against Mesopotamia and Aram Zobah (Syria), he was attacked from the far southeast by the Edomites who thought to take advantage of the situation. David dispatched Joab and Abishai with some troops, and they won a tremendous victory. By the time the title of this psalm was written, they had a reported amount of 12,000 Edomite casualties, but the final historical records show there were actually 18,000 (2 Samuel 8:13; 1 Chronicles 18:12).

        The psalm reflects Israel's attitude before the outcome of the battles were known. Israel is demoralized and in a state of panic and despair. They cannot understand the adversity against them. They feel abandoned by God. Actually, these battles proved beneficial for Israel, because they were victorious and their strength increased. David realizes that the time of despairing and complaining is over, for it only does harm. He turns to speak positively and declares that since they fear God and are loved by Him, they will march under His banner for the sake of the truth; and because they are God's people, and God Himself had laid claim to the land (2 Samuel 7:9-10; Genesis 15:18-22), their salvation and victory over their enemies could be assured.

        The Lord honoured the two most outstanding tribes: Ephraim (from Joseph), having great military strength and considered the pride of Israel (cf. Hosea 7:8-10; Genesis 49:22-26) and Judah, the seat of justice and authority (cf. 78:67-68; Genesis 49:10). Their territorial inheritance was the Lord's, but here the Lord also claims Moab, Edom, and Philistia and makes the inhabitants to be servants of His people. David exclaims that without God's help their military efforts are futile. Only God could help them take the naturally fortified "strong city" of Edom which was built upon the cliffs (modern day Petra, 60:9-11; Obadiah 3), and it would be vain to ask the help of alliances (60:llb). The faith-filled exclamation of David, "Through God we will do valiantly", was indeed fulfilled.

        Psalm 61 is the prayer of David when he was in exile, likely due to the rebellion of Absalom. His heart is overwhelmed with grief and loneliness, longing to return to the tabernacle of God in Jerusalem. With the feeling of despair and weakness, David pleads for God to lead him to a place of safety, a rock that is too high for him to reach and too high for his enemies as well. Today, when we make the same request, God will lead us to the Rock, Jesus Christ, where one can find eternal safety.

        David recalls the many times in the past that God had been a refuge for him, and this gives him strength and assurance for the present time, as well as hope for the future. He resolves to trust in God and is sure God has heard him and will grant his longings: to have fellowship with God (abide in His tabernacle forever, 23:6; 27:4-5) and to be protected under His wings. With confidence, the psalmist believes that he and others who fear God will receive their promised inheritance, for they are heirs of the Lord (cf. Romans 8:17). Based upon God's mercy and truth, king David also believes that God will give him a long life, as well as an enduring dynasty, which was fulfilled in the Messiah, Jesus Christ (2 Samuel 7:16). His confidence in God's deliverance makes him determined to keep his daily vow of offering unto God the sacrifice of praise.

        Psalm 62 is a song of total confidence in God as David's sole help and all-sufficiency. David uses his own trust in God to serve as an example and exhorts others to also trust in their divine refuge (62:8). It is a psalm of contrasts between the behaviour and trust of the righteous (62:1-2, 5-7) and that of the wicked (62:3-4, 9-10). David expresses his complete trust in God alone. His quiet spirit waits on God for his salvation, for his only hope is in God (62:1, 5). Since God is his Rock, he knows that the storms of life cannot uproot him nor shake his faith. In contrast, the wicked will easily fall and perish, because they harm others and are hypocrites. They are not steadfast upon the Rock but are lighter than vapours, because they trust in oppression, robbery, and riches. The increase of riches is not condemned for those who come by it honestly, but David's concern is that the people not set their heart on riches, for that is in vain. In summary, David proclaims God's power and mercy, which are in complete balance when it comes time for God to "render to each one according to his work" (62:12; Matthew 16:27; Romans 2:6-10).

Prayer

        Thank You, dear Lord, that we do not fight our battles alone. When we place our total trust in You, You honour Your Word and bring total victory to us, especially over our chief enemy, Satan.


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