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Chinese11/16/2005English
經文:撒母耳記下十九章
鑰節:「請王和王的一切臣僕回來!」(19:14)
提要

        大衛因押沙龍之死哀慟逾恆,使得他的軍隊一點也無法因勝利喜悅,反而充滿了低沈的氣氛。大衛以他個人的心境來看待這個事件,但約押卻從政治的角度著眼。為了大衛的好處,約押不顧自己的身分,大膽責備大衛的自艾自憐。大衛一定還不知道約押就是使押沙龍喪命的劊子手(18:14~15;參王下2:5),但約押一貫的是置個人感情於度外,而以百姓和國家的最高利益為目的。

        以色列國需要大衛,特別是在這個創傷初癒的時刻,所以約押勸大衛隱藏起個人的情緒。如果他不對為他拋頭顱、灑熱血的忠心將士表示感激,他可能會為自己引來一場更大的叛亂。約押的話驚醒了大衛,他隨即面對現實,也接受了約押的建議:「出去、安慰你僕人的心」(19:7),好扭轉以色列人的不滿。

        大衛重返耶路撒冷,特別是過約但河的儀式具有特別的意義。上帝重新確認大衛的王權,在過約但河和進王都的壯觀行列中,大衛也被正式承認為以色列復辟的國王。值得一提的是,北邊的以色列支派倒比大衛自己的猶大支派率先來請大衛作他們的王。他們想起上帝如何總是用大衛來拯救他們。曾使以色列人大為傾倒,但隨著押沙龍的失敗,他們也終於明瞭誰才是他們應該支持的對象。

        不過大衛仍先籲請他自己的猶大同胞來迎接他回去。他想確定猶大人對他的支持,因為押沙龍的叛軍大部分是由猶大人組成的。大衛給予猶大支派優先迎接他回耶路撒冷的特權,以及隊伍中只有半數來自北邊支派代表的事實,造成支派間的嫉恨。這種心結愈積愈深,到所羅門王死時,猶大支派和北方各支派(統稱為「以色列」)終於完全分裂。

        大衛任命叛軍元帥亞瑪撒取代約押作大衛的元帥,這是一種政治動作,為了要得到押沙龍軍隊的支持。一下子處死這麼多叛國者是不可能的事,所以大衛就施展外交手腕,向他們伸出友誼之手。將約押降級是對他出言不遜的懲罰,也防止他以強烈的性格在以色列國中過分專橫。

        大衛回到了耶路撒冷,先前認定他永不能再回來而出言咒大衛的示每慌忙前來負荊請罪,求大衛寬恕他。示每的行為該死,但那天畢竟是個得勝的日子,所以大衛特赦示每,並發誓不殺他(19:23;王上2:8、9、44)。

        米非波設也來見大衛。他蓬亂的外表顯然是極度憂傷的象徵,因此大衛懷疑洗巴對米非波設的控詞(16:3~4)。米非波設自始至終忠於大衛,洗巴實在無權與他均分土地;然而米非波設像他父親約拿單一樣有高貴的性格,他覺得上帝膏立的王得以平安重返京城,遠比他自己能否擁有物質的財產重要得多。

        另一位尊貴人物──年高德韶的巴西萊──也來歡送大衛。大衛想接他一同回耶路撒冷,公開報答他在瑪哈念時對大衛的恩情(17:27~29),但巴西萊並不在乎公開的褒揚。大衛對他的祝福已令他感到滿足,他滿懷平安的回自己的家鄉渡過餘生,也知道自己已經參與了上帝救贖以色列國之計畫的一部分。

禱告

        天父上帝,幫助我們作一個使人和解、得醫治的人。我們讚美您賜下您的兒子,我們的主耶穌基督,來除去人與上帝之間的藩籬。噢,上帝,使我們作您和平的器皿。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read 2 Samuel 19
Key Verse:"Return, you and all your servants!"(2 Samuel 19:14)
Overview

        Rather than a day of rejoicing because of the victory over the rebels, David's extreme grief over Absalom's death caused it to be an occasion for mourning. David viewed the events as they related to him personally. Joab, on the other hand, viewed the situation politically. A little out of line, but for David's own welfare, Joab rebuked him for continuing to dwell upon his misfortunes. David must not have been aware that Joab had a direct part in the execution of his son (18:14-15; cf. 2 Kings 2:5), but Joab had done then as he was now doing: putting aside personal feelings and acting on behalf of the best interests of the people and the kingdom.

        The nation needed David to be strong, especially at this time; therefore, Joab urged him to conceal his personal feelings. If he did not show his faithful supporters his appreciation for their fighting on his behalf, he might bring about an even greater rebellion against him. Joab's words shocked David into facing reality and he followed his advice to "arise, go out and speak comfort to your servants" (19:7). This literally meant to speak to their hearts, encouraging them and turning away their discontent.

        The return to Jerusalem, and especially the crossing of the Jordan River, had ceremonial significance. God had reconfirmed David's kingship, and with pomp and splendour he was being officially recognized as the restored king of Israel in the procession across the Jordan and into the royal city. It was firstly the northern tribes of Israel, rather than Judah, David's own tribe, that came to proclaim David as their king. They remembered how God had always used David to be their deliverer. It appears that Absalom's charisma, beauty, youth, and smooth talking had infatuated the people but now, with Absalom dead, they realized who they should really be supporting.

        David, however, appealed first to his own tribe of Judah to come and bring him back. He wanted assurance of their support, since Absalom's co-conspirators and rebel army had mostly been made up of Judahites. David's request, giving priority for Judah to bring him up to Jerusalem, and the fact that the procession had started with only half of the delegates from the northern tribes present, stirred up tribal jealousies. These jealousies eventually grew, and by the time of Solomon's death, Judah and the northern tribes (referred to as "Israel") were totally separated.

        David's appointment of his nephew Amasa, the rebel commander, to be the commander of his own forces in replacement of Joab, was a political move to gain the support of Absalom's troops. It was impossible to put that many traitors to death, so David diplomatically offered them the hand of friendship. The demoting of Joab would put him in his place for speaking insolently to the king, and would prevent him, with his strong personality, from having an overbearing influence.

        Now that David was returning to Jerusalem, Shimei, who had cursed him on his way out, thinking he would never return (16:13), came to plead for mercy and ask for pardon. He deserved death, but it was, after all, a day of victory, so David granted general amnesty and swore he would not kill Shimei (19:23; 1 Kings 2:8,9,44).

        Mephibosheth also came to see David. Because of his unkept appearance, which signified extreme grief, David doubted Ziba's accusations about his treason (16:3-4). Since Mephibosheth had remained true to David, it was not right for Ziba to take all his land; yet Mephibosheth, who was honourable and noble like his father Jonathan, felt it was more important that the Lord's anointed king was returning safely than to have material possessions.

        Another noble man came to welcome David — the aged Barzillai. David wanted to bring him to Jerusalem to publicly reward him for his kindness at Mahanaim (17:27-29), but Barzillai was not concerned about receiving public acclaim or repayment. He was content with David's blessing to return home and spend his final days in peace, knowing he had been a part of God's plan for the salvation of the nation.

Prayer

        Father God, make us people of reconciliation and healing. We praise You for Your Son, our Lord Jesus, who came to break down the barriers that divides people from You, O God. Make us instruments of His peace.


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