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Chinese10/16/2006English
經文:以西結書第卅四、卅五章
鑰節:「我必親自尋找我的羊,將他們尋見。」(34:11)
提要

        現在,上帝的審判已施行在猶大和耶路撒冷,祂的忿怒也已平息。卅四章起,我可以看到以西結的預言有明顯的不同。後面這段信息,不再是噩耗,而是安慰和復和,以及重回家園的應許。

        以西結用牧羊這個常見的比方,強烈指責人民的首領(君王,長老,假先知和祭司)是群壞的牧羊人(參約10:8;耶23:1~4),疏於照顧以色列民這群羊。他們不但不管這些羊的靈性和身體的缺乏,只知道養肥他們自己(34:3~4)。他們不但怠忽職守,未把羊群領到上帝面前,還引他們走迷了路,在「各高崗上流離」(34:6;耶50:6~7)--就是在那些地方敬拜偶像(參王下17:9~12)。因著這些拜偶像的罪,上帝刑罰他們,使他們分散各邦,好讓他們看見這些罪的邪惡而離棄它。接下來的作法,就是摧毀所有假的和壞的牧羊人,好使羊群脫離這些負面的影響(34:10)。最後,上帝自己要作他們的牧羊人,照顧他們(詩23篇;賽40:9~11)。上帝這位大牧人,答應要救他們,聚集、餵養、醫治、賜力量與平安給祂的羊群(34:11~16)。

        這位高居於天,超越萬物的上帝,如何做到這些奇妙的事呢?答案是:藉著「我的僕人大衛」--彌賽亞的預表(34:23;參37:24~25;耶30:9;何3:5)。耶穌基督在新約裡,的確表明了祂是好牧人,祂來要尋找拯救失喪的羊,並要「叫羊得生命」(約10:9~11、28;參太15:24;可6:34;來13:20~21)。這些話的終極實現,要等到彌賽亞耶穌統管全地的時候(34:27~29)。

        為要向以色列人再次確定上帝尚未完成的計劃,以西結做了一個比對:以東的命運是敗亡(35章),以色列是重建(36章)。以西結再度宣告以東要受審的噩運(比較25:8、12~14,此處較多細節)。因為在以色列的眾鄰邦中,就屬以東(西珥山)最惡劣,所以有很多先知發預言攻擊他們(參摩1:11;俄10~15;賽34:5~15;63:1-6;耶49:7~22;哀4:21;珥3:19;瑪1:2~4)。以東座落在死海東南方,一直延伸到亞迦巴灣。以東人是雅各的哥哥以掃的後裔(創32:2;36:8;申2:12),他們和以色列人是世仇(參民20:14~21;王上11:14~16)。

        以東要受罰的原因:(1)他們嚴重仇恨以色列人;(2)耶路撒冷陷落和猶大變成荒涼時,他們幸災樂禍(35:15;詩137:7);(3)猶大亡國時,他們很高興地殺了一些猶大的居民(35:5)。他們貪戀又嫉妒上帝給雅各的產業,因為他們認為雅各是弟弟,竟收買長子的名分,還騙走了父親的祝福,他們覺得這些都該是他們的。然而,這些都在上帝的計劃中,反對它就是反對上帝自己(創25:22~23、29~34;27:27、41)。

        雖然上帝已不與耶路撒冷的聖殿同在,祂並沒有放棄這塊土地。祂的全知,使祂仍能察見以東褻瀆的聲音;祂的全能,使祂能將忿怒傾倒在他們那裡。既然以東不願過聖潔的生活,而且故意殺害許多以色列人,他們也要被如此對待。他們既譏笑喜悅猶大變得荒涼,他們的地也要如此荒涼。但猶大的家園還可重建,他們卻要永遠荒蕪、無法居住。

禱告

        親愛的天父,我承認我犯罪得罪了您,求您原諒我,並幫助我脫離試探。奉主耶穌基督的名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Ezekiel 34 &35
Key Verse:"... Indeed, I Myself will search for My sheep and seek them out."(Ezekiel 34:11)
Overview

        Now that the Lord's judgment had been executed on Jerusalem and all of Judah, and His just wrath had been appeased, we can see a marked difference in the prophecies of Ezekiel (beginning with chapter 34). Rather than prophecies of doom, those found in the latter part of the book of Ezekiel are prophecies of comfort and consolation to the afflicted and captive people of God, and there are many promises of restoration to their homeland.

        Using the common biblical analogy of the sheep, signifying the children of Israel, Ezekiel strongly condemns the leadership of the people (the corrupted and selfish kings, elders, false prophets, and priests), who are represented as the bad shepherds (cf. John 10:8; Jer. 23:1-4). Not only did they not take care for the needs, both spiritual and physical, of the people, but they grew fat at their expense (34:3-4). Instead of fulfilling their obligation to lead the flock closer to God, they led them astray and the flock went to "every high hill" (34:6; Jer. 50:6-7), which were the sites for idol worship (cf. 2 Kings 17:9-12). Their idolatry was a major reason for the Lord's chastisement upon them, and for this He scattered His flock amongst the pagan nations so they might see the evils of their sin and forsake it. The second solution to the problem was to destroy all the false, bad shepherds and thereby deliver the flock from their negative influences (34:10). The greatest answer to the problem would be for God Himself to become their Shepherd and take care of them (Ps. 23; Isa. 40:9-11). In sharp contrast to the false shepherds, the Lord, the True, Good, and Great Shepherd, promised to save, gather, feed, seek, heal, strengthen, and give peace, safety, and showers of blessings to His sheep (34:11-16).

        How could the vast chasm be bridged so that the transcendent God might be all these wonderful things to His flock? The Lord gave the answer, saying it was to be through "My servant David" who was a type of the Messiah (34:23; cf. 37:24-25; Jer. 30:9; Hos. 3:5;). Indeed, the Messiah Jesus makes clear in the New Covenant of His peace that He is the Good Shepherd who came to seek the lost sheep and who "gives His life for the sheep" (John 10:9-11, 28; cf. Matt. 15:24; Mark 6:34; Heb. 13:20-21). The ultimate fulfillment of all these blessings upon those judged to be of the flock of the Lord will be at the time when the Messiah Jesus reigns over all the earth (34:27-29).

        To reassure the Israelites in exile that the Lord's plans for them were not yet finished, Ezekiel gives a contrast between the fate that would befall Edom (ch.35) and the restoration that would come to Israel (ch. 36). Again, Ezekiel pronounces a judgment of doom upon Edom (Mount Seir), but here he gives many more prophetic details (compare 25:8,12-14). Among the neighbours of Israel, the nation of Edom was especially guilty; therefore, many of the prophets gave utterances against them (cf. Amos 1:11; Obad. 10-15; Isa. 34:5-15; 63:1-6; Jer. 49:7-22; Lam. 4:21; Joel 3:19; Mal. 1:2-4). Edom was located southeast of the Dead Sea and extended to the Gulf of Aqaba. The Edomites were descendants of Esau, the older twin of Jacob (Gen. 32:3; 36:8; Deut. 2:12). They and the Israelites had been long-time enemies and had often engaged in warfare (cf. Num. 20:14-21; 1 Kings 11:14-16).

        The reasons given in this chapter for the coming destruction of Edom are: (1) their intense hatred toward the Israelites, (2) they had rejoiced at the destruction of Jerusalem and the desolation of Judah (35:15; Ps. 137:7), and (3) they had gladly assisted in killing some of the inhabitants of Judah after she had fallen (35:5). They selfishly desired to possess the inheritance that God had given to Israel, which they called "these two nations", meaning the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah (35:10). They were jealous and envious of Jacob's inheritance, which they felt should have been theirs, because Esau was the elder brother and Jacob had bribed him out of his birthright and tricked him out of his father Isaac's blessing; yet all this was in the plan of God, and by opposing it the Edomites were defiantly opposing God (Gen. 25:22-23, 29-34; 27:27,41).

        Although the Lord's presence had left the Temple in Jerusalem, He was still present in the Land of Israel. He had not relinquished His claim to the land. With His omniscience, He was watching and listening to the blasphemy of the Edomites, and with His omnipotence, He would bring His wrath against them. Since the Edomites did not show respect for the sanctity of life, having ruthlessly spilled the blood of many Israelites, their blood would likewise be spilled when the sword would pursue them. Since they mocked and rejoiced over Judah's desolation, their land would likewise be desolate, but unlike the promised restoration of Israel, the land of Edom was doomed to lie in perpetual desolation.

Prayer

        Holy Father, we recognize that all sin is against 'You. Forgive us and grant us the strength to take the way of escape from temptation that You always provide.


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