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Chinese7/11/2006English
經文:傳道書一∼三章
鑰節:「論到吃用享福,誰能勝過我呢﹖」(2:25)
提要

        傳道書第一章介紹整卷書的大意,傳道者悲觀的宣告,活在地上的人類,都是虛空徒勞,但稍後的經文又提到他並不是完全的悲觀者,只有在他離開上帝時,他才覺悲觀。傳道者提出了一個重要的問題:人一切的勞碌有什麼益處?(1:3)如果一個人只是用世俗的眼光來看生命,那人的勞碌就毫無益處,並且不可能有真實的滿足,因無一事具有永恆的價值,凡事都是不斷的重複,就像大自然的循環一樣單調虛空(1:4~11)。

        傳道者為了證明「一切都是虛空」,他舉例了自己真實的生活及個人的生命,來強調其真實性。他發現追求世上的智慧,無法令人滿足,反使人悲傷又無結果(1:13,16~18),傳道者探索人生的過程中,他明瞭到人生充滿了自相矛盾,似是而非的事,人類也因犯罪而不完全(1:15);因此人若不尋求從上帝而來天上的智慧(雅3:17)也就是上帝早已預備要賜給我們的智慧(林前2:7),那麼凡事就真是虛空了。

        所羅門也曾追尋理性和哲學的事物,但亦沒有得到任何結果,於是他轉向由歡樂中尋求完全的滿足,他嚐試用酒、女人、詩歌、奢華的物質生活來滿足自己,他也從其中得到許多的歡樂,但至終他明白這些歡樂都是短暫的(伯20:5),也是虛空無意義的(2:1~11)。人們在享受肉體生活上的歡樂時,常從其中得快樂而自覺滿足不再虛空,但他們缺少了所羅門的智慧──仔細思想的智慧;因真實永恆的快樂,只有認識耶穌才能得到。

        所羅門明白智慧勝過愚拙,但地上的智慧並不長存,因智慧人或愚拙人的終結都相同是死亡(2:13~16),他想到這時,他對他所有的智慧也感到失望。他不僅厭煩了人生的虛空,對於每日的勞碌更覺無意義,想到自己也要像愚昧人一樣死亡,而且自己勞碌所得的,都歸給不配享用的人,他心中十分難受(2:17~23)。

        那麼所羅門的結論是什麼呢?他認為生活中的快樂雖是暫時不能滿足人心的,但人若能享受自己勞碌所得,算是最幸運的了,因快樂的生命是上帝給人的恩賜(2:24),「沒有上帝,誰還能吃喝享樂呢」?(2:25)。

        第三章描述出,世上一切的事物,都是在上帝預定的計畫之中,傳道者認為,我們活在世上只是獲得上帝計畫中的一部份事物,而這計畫是不會因我們而有所改變,上帝讓一切的事物都有定時,上帝所造的一切都按時成為完美適當的(3:11)。雖然人對上帝的認識是有限的,但上帝賜人理智及將永恆放置人心中,使人們能意識到祂,而能敬畏、尊重、榮耀、聽命於祂;也就因此,所羅門以祂所賜的智慧及對上帝的認識,使他確定,上帝所做成的一切要存到永久,而且是完全的(3:14),人呢?只和祂的受造物一樣,是不完全、不義的。

        所羅門相信,至終上帝要審判正直的人和邪惡的人,和整治他們犯罪所留下混亂無秩序的世界,在適當的時候,上帝要成就祂的計畫(3:16~17)。所羅門唯一不確定的事,人死後是否靈魂都歸向上帝(3:19~21)?在新約聖經中,上帝向我們顯明了這件事,一個公義敬畏上帝的人和相信耶穌的人,他的靈魂必要上升與上帝同在同得榮耀。

禱告

        主啊!您創造我們有您的心意,而唯有您的心意完成,我們的創造才有意義,若沒有您,我們的生命變無意義,今日為著您的應許讚美您,因有一天我們要到您那裡去,永遠與您同住。奉主耶穌聖名,阿們!

English

Scriptures:Read Ecclesiastes 1, 2 &3
Key Verse:".. .for without him [God], who can eat or find enjoyment?"(Ecclesiastes 2:25) (NIV).
Overview

        The first chapter of Ecclesiastes serves as an introduction to the whole book. "The preacher", Solomon, pessimistically declares that all of human existence in the earthly realm ("under the sun", 1:3) is the ultimate of vanity and futility. The later context will show, however, that he is not a complete pessimist, for this is true only apart from God. He asks the main question of: "What profit has a man from all his labour...?" (1:3). If a person looks at life and lives life from a wordly perspective, there is no advantage or true satisfaction from man's labour, nothing is of lasting value, and everything is a vain repetition; it is as monotonous as the process of nature (1:4-11).

        To justify and demonstrate his strong statement that "all is vanity", the preacher relates various personal, real-life illustrations. He has found that his pursuit of wisdom "concerning all things done under heaven" (i.e., earthly knowledge, cf. 1 Kings 4:33) has been unsatisfactory, grievous, and fruitless (1:13, 16-18). His quest has led him to understand that life is full of paradoxes, and mankind is deficient because of his own sinful nature (1:15). If people do not find the true spiritual wisdom from above (James 3:17), which is God's wisdom which He ordained before the ages (the gospel of Jesus Christ, 1 Cor. 2:7), then everything will be truly vain.

        Finding no profit from his intellectual and philosophical pursuits, Solomon turned to pleasure as a possible source of complete satisfaction. He experimented with wine, women, and song, as well as materialistic luxuries. Although these gave him pleasure and happiness when he was in the midst of it, he found upon careful consideration that his pleasure was only temporal (Job 20:5), and he realized that these things also proved to be vanity and unprofitable (2:1-11). Often people in the pursuit of worldly pleasures will tell you they are happy and have no void in their life, but they have not carefully considered their situation in the light of Solomon's wisdom. True and lasting happiness is found only in knowing Jesus.

        Solomon was in despair when he realized that, although "wisdom excels folly", the advantage of earthly wisdom is not for long, since both the wise man and the fool will experience the same thing, namely death (2:13-16). Solomon was not only disgusted with the emptiness of life, but with labour as well, for since he would die "like a fool", all for which he had sorrowfully worked might end up in the hands of a fool who did not deserve it (2:17-23).

        What does Solomon conclude? Even though life's pleasures are temporal and not completely satisfying, the best man can do under the circumstances is to enjoy the fruit of his labour. Enjoyment of life, however, was understood by Solomon to be a gift of God (2:24), "for without Him, who can eat or find enjoyment?" (2:25, N.I.V).

        Chapter three begins by showing that everything on earth occurs according to the predetermination and providence of God. The preacher asserts that man is merely caught up in the divine scheme of things. Nothing is by chance; there is a God-given time for everything which God has made "beautiful" or "appropriate" (3:11). Although mankind's knowledge of God is limited, God has given man reason and has put eternity within man's heart so he might be conscious of Him, and thus learn to fear Him (respect, honour, obey). Because of Solomon's wisdom and his consciousness of God, he affirms that everything God does shall remain forever, and He is perfection (3:14). Man, however, is imperfect and unjust, like beasts.

        Solomon had the faith that God would judge both the righteous and the wicked to rectify the chaos caused by sinful man; he knew that, in its proper time, God's plan would come about (3:16-17). Solomon was unsure if the plan of God entailed the "going upward" of man's spirit (3:19-21). The fuller revelation of God in the New Testament reveals the truth that the spirit of the one who is righteous, God-fearing, and trusting in Jesus, will go upward to glory.

Prayer

        Lord, without You, life is truly meaningless, for You created us with a purpose, and only in fulfilling Your purpose are we ourselves fulfilled. We praise You today for Your promise that we will one day "go upward" to be with You forever.


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